Thiophene is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing a sulfur heteroatom with the molecular formula C4H4S. Thiophene is aromatic and is very similar to benzene; electrophilic substitution reaction is easier than benzene, and it is mainly substituted at the 2-position. Thiophene ring system has certain stability to oxidant.
Thiazoles are very important functional groups in medicinal chemistry. They act as ligands on a variety of biological matrices. Thiazoles are used in a wide range of therapeutic applications, such as antibacterial, antiretroviral, antifungal, antiallergic, antihypertensive, pain treatment, and to control symptoms of schizophrenia.
Tetrazoles are doubly unsaturated five-membered aromatic heterocycles consisting of one carbon atom and four nitrogen atoms. Tetrazole derivatives are a major class of heterocyclic compounds that are important for medicinal chemistry and drug design because of their not only isosteric properties with carboxylic acid and amide moieties, but also metabolic stability and other beneficial physicochemical properties.
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